String Manipulation Functions

In this lesson, we will learn how to use some of the string manipulation function such as Len, Right, Left, Mid, Trim, Ltrim, Rtrim, Ucase, Lcase, Instr, Val, Str ,Chr and Asc.

(i)The Len Function 

The length function returns an integer value which is the length of a phrase or a sentence, including the empty spaces. The format is 

Len (“Phrase”) 

For example, 

Len (VisualBasic) = 11 and Len (welcome to VB tutorial) = 22 

The Len function can also return the number of digits or memory locations of a number that is stored in the computer. For example, 

Mathematical Functions

The mathematical functions are very useful and important in programming because very often we need to deal with mathematical concepts in programming such as chance and probability, variables, mathematical logics, calculations, coordinates, time intervals and etc. The common mathematical functions in Visual Basic are Rnd, Sqr, Int, Abs, Exp, Log, Sin, Cos, Tan , Atn, Fix and Round.
(i) Rnd is very useful when we deal with the concept of c

Looping

Visual Basic allows a procedure to be repeated many times as long as the processor until a condition or a set of conditions is fulfilled. This is generally called looping . Looping is a very useful feature of Visual Basic because it makes repetitive works easier. There are two kinds of loops in Visual Basic, the Do...Loop and the For.......Next loop 

9.1 Do Loop
The formats are
a) Do While condition
Block of one or more VB statements
Loop
b) Do
Block of one or more VB statements
Loop While condition
c) Do Until condition
Block of one or more VB statements
Loop
d) Do
Block of one or more VB statements
Loop Until condition

9.2 Exiting the Loop
Sometime we need exit to exit a loop prematurely because of a certain condition is fulfilled. The syntax to use is known as Exit Do. You can examine Example 9.2 for its usage. 

9.3 For....Next Loop
The format is:

For counter=startNumber to endNumber (Step increment)
One or more VB statements
Next
Please refer to example 9.3a,9.3b and 9.3 c for its usage.Sometimes the user might want to get out from the loop before the whole repetitive process is executed, the command to use is Exit For. To exit a For….Next Loop, you can place the Exit Forstatement within the loop; and it is normally used together with the If…..Then… statement. Let’s examine example 9.3 d. 

Example 9.1
Do while counter <=1000
num.Text=counter
counter =counter+1
Loop
* The above example will keep on adding until counter >1000.
The above example can be rewritten as
Do
num.Text=counter
counter=counter+1
Loop until counter>1000 

Example 9.2
Dim sum, n As Integer
Private Sub Form_Activate()
List1.AddItem "n" & vbTab & "sum"
Do
n = n + 1
Sum = Sum + n
List1.AddItem n & vbTab & Sum
If n = 100 Then
Exit Do
End If
Loop
End Sub
 
Explanation
In the above example, we compute the summation of 1+2+3+4+……+100. In the design stage, you need to insert a ListBox into the form for displaying the output, named List1. The program uses the AddItem method to populate the ListBox. The statement List1.AddItem "n" & vbTab & "sum" will display the headings in the ListBox, where it uses the vbTab function to create a space between the headings n and sum.

Example 9.3 a For  counter=1 to 10  display.Text=counter   Next	Example 9.3 b For counter=1 to 1000 step 10   counter=counter+1  Next
Example 9.3 c   For counter=1000 to 5 step -5   counter=counter-10    Next *Notice that increment can be negative	Example 9.3 d Private Sub Form_Activate( ) For n=1 to 10 If n>6 then Exit For End If Else Print n End If End Sub

Introduction to VB Built-in Functions

A function is similar to a normal procedure but the main purpose of the function is to accept a certain input from the user and return a value which is passed on to the main program to finish the execution. There are two types of functions, the built-in functions (or internal functions) and the functions created by the programmers

the general format of a function is
FunctionName (arguments)
The arguments are values that are passed on to the function.

In this lesson, we are going to learn two very basic but useful internal functions of Visual basic , i.e. the MsgBox( ) and InputBox ( ) functions. You can also learn about mathematical functions, formatting functions and string manipulation functions by clicking the links at the end of this page.